Tamil is the oldest of the Dravidian languages and is the State language of Tamil Nadu. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan family and preserved some of the archaic characteristics of the Indo-Aryan script. Sindhi is spoken by a great number of people. It is written in Gurmukhi script, created by the Sikh Guru, Angad. From the 19th Century, Punjabi showed vigorous development in all branches of literature. Punjabi, though very ancient, turned literary around the 15th Century. Punjabi belongs to the Indo-Aryan family and is the official language of the State of Punjab. However, its literary career began only in the 14th Century. Oriya is found recorded as far back as the 10th Century. Oriya, a branch of the Indo-Aryan family, is the official language of the State of Orissa, where the Oriya speaking population comprises around 82% of the total population. Though Marathi separated from the Indo-Aryan stock at a very early date, it has today a fully developed literature of the modern type. It is the official language of Maharashtra.
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Marathi, the Indic language, dates back to the 13th Century. It is the youngest of all developed languages in the Dravidian family. Malayalam developed as an independent language, by the 10th Century AD. Malayalam, a branch of the Dravidian family is the official language of the state of Kerala. It is spoken by thousands of Konkanis in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala also. Konkani, the official language of Goa, is principally based on classical Sanskrit and belongs to the southwestern branch of Indo-Aryans. It belongs to the Dravidian family, and dates back to the 9th Century as an independent language. Kannada is the state language of Karnataka and is spoken by 65 percent of the state's population. Kashmiri literature goes back to AD 1200.
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Kashmiri speaking population of the state comes to around 55% of the total population. Urdu is the state language of Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmiri is a language of the Indo-Aryan group and is often mistaken as the state language of Jammu and Kashmir. In six states and union Territories, Hindi is the official language. Hindi is numerically the biggest of the Indo-Aryan family and is the official language of India. It is now one of the most developed languages in India. Gujarat started out as an independent language around AD 1200. Gujarati is the official language of the state of Gujarat and is spoken by 70 percent of the State's population. It too developed as a language in the 13th Century and is now spoken by nearly 200 million people in West Bengal and in Bangladesh. Assamese is the language of Assam and is spoken by nearly 60 percent of the State's population.īengali, one of the leading Indo-Aryan languages, is the official language of West Bengal. However, English continues to be an accepted means of communication.
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India has 18 Recognized Officially Spoken Languages. Hindi, Urdu, Telugu, Punjabi, Marathi, Bengali, Tamil, Kannada, Oriya, Kashmiri, Indian National Languages, Hindi, Urdu, Telugu, Punjabi, Marathi, Bengali, Tamil Home > India Information Guide, History, Geography, Arts & Culture, Indian Religions, Literacy, Tell A Friend Indian National Languages, Hindi, Urdu, Telugu, Punjabi, Marathi, Bengali